Mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) (20 g/mouse) and oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) BL07S (1 g or 10 g/mouse) in alum at 2-week intervals. dose-dependent. The present results demonstrate that ODN BL07S from genomic DNA of BB536 helps prevent antigen-induced Th2 immune reactions BB536, IgE, ISS-ODN, probiotics Intro Type I allergies such as allergic rhinitis and hay fever are caused by characteristic immune reactions to allergens, mediated primarily by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells [1,2]. Th2 cells synthesize high levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, leading to the production of allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, production of which signifies a risk element for sensitive inflammatory reactions such as the launch of histamine and leukotriene from mast cells [2]. Conversely, Th1 cells suppress Th2 immune reactions by secreting interferon (IFN)-. Th1 cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN- induce T cell differentiation from Th0 to Th1, whereas IL-4, one of the standard Th2 cytokines, facilitates differentiation from Th0 to Th2. Estimation of IgE production and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance thus seems extremely important in the evaluation of type I sensitive swelling [3,4]. Numerous drugs, such as corticosteroids, epinephrine, histamine antagonists and leukotriene synthesis inhibitors, interfere with these reactions [5]. However, such Rabbit polyclonal to TIE1 medicines generally display adverse effects, strongly suggesting the necessity for a more fundamental means of avoiding allergies. Numerous studies possess reported that intake of Bay 59-3074 probiotics [6] such as lactobacilli Bay 59-3074 and bifidobacteria is definitely associated with the prevention of several allergic diseases [7C12]. These reports have indicated strongly that probiotics exert the potential to modulate and regulate the immune response. We previously reported that intake of BB536-supplemented yoghurt relieved Japanese cedar pollinosis symptoms through a modulating effect on Th1/Th2 balance [13]. However, the exact parts in probiotics related to this ability remain unfamiliar. Some cell parts in probiotics such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichioc acid and secreted soluble substances of organisms reportedly induce immune reactions [14,15]. Immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) oligodeoxynucleotides Bay 59-3074 (ODNs) [16] have been identified from your genomic DNA of probiotics [17C20]. In general, ISS-ODNs have been found to suppress Th2 immune reactions by stimulating innate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) [21] indicated within the cell surface, as a result influencing adaptive immune systems by liberating abundant Th1 cytokines [22,23]. ISS-ODNs are therefore regarded as therapeutically significant reagents for sensitive disease. Concerning the anti-allergic actions of such ISS-ODNs, the anticipations for practical use of antigen-conjugated ODNs like a vaccine against hay fever have reached the level of medical application in humans [24]. However, the effects of ISS-ODNs derived from probiotics on sensitive diseases have not yet been clarified. Assays have shown that ISS-ODN BL07S isolated from your genomic DNA of BB536 Bay 59-3074 decreases IgE production using splenocytes from BALB/c mice sensitized using ovalbumin (OVA) [25]. The present study therefore evaluated the effects of ODN BL07S on inhibition of IgE production and suppression of Th2 immune response BB536 in our earlier study [25]. ODNs were synthesized chemically by SigmaGenosys (Hokkaido, Japan), and in some cases were altered with phosphorothioate to increase resistance to nuclease degradation. ODNs were confirmed to be free of detectable endotoxin by using a Limulus amebocyte lysate kit (Seikagaku Kougyou, Tokyo, Japan) according to the manufacturers manual. Mice Specific pathogen-free 6-week-old-male BALB/c mice were purchased from Charles River Japan (Kanagawa, Japan) and housed in plastic cages at space temperature. Mice were fed a standard CRF-1 diet (Oriental Candida Co., Tokyo, Japan) and allowed access to water throughout the experimental period. All experiment protocols including mice were performed according to the guidelines of the Primary Ministers Office in Japan (no. 6, 27 March 1980). Experimental design Mice were injected subcutaneously with 20 g of OVA with (ODN group) or without (settings) ODNs dissolved in 100 l of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) adsorbed to an equal volume of alum answer (Pierce, IL, USA) on day time 0. After 2 weeks (on day time 14), second immunizations were performed under the.